Originality and Plagiarism

Authors need to guarantee the novelty of their manuscript. In case the authors borrow content or phrasing from external sources, it is crucial to attribute the sources through citation or quotation.

There are various ways in which plagiarism can manifest, ranging from presenting someone else's work as one's own to reproducing significant portions of someone's work without giving credit, as well as taking ownership of research findings that belong to others. Unethical publishing behaviour and its unacceptability are embodied in all manifestations of plagiarism.

 

Any data gathered from interactions or communication with a third-party need to be supplemented with consent from the originator before being mentioned in the written document. Authors need to obtain consent before disclosing confidential information.

 

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Typically, an author shouldn't submit manuscripts discussing fundamentally the same research to multiple publications or journals. It is considered unethical publishing behavior to send identical manuscripts to multiple journals simultaneously. Typically, an author ought not to present a paper that has already been published for evaluation in a different journal. Authors are restricted from submitting previously published content unless it's in the format of a thesis, instructional material, or an electronic preprint.

 

Authorship of the Paper

Only individuals who have made a noteworthy contribution to the development, planning, implementation, or analysis of the study in question should be acknowledged as authors. Everyone who has made noteworthy contributions ought to be included as co-authors. If there were other individuals involved in significant aspects of the research project, it is important to acknowledge or give credit to them as contributors. The lead author needs to confirm that the paper includes all relevant and suitable co-authors while excluding any irrelevant ones. The author must ensure that the final version of the paper has been reviewed and approved by all co-authors and that they have consented to its submission for publication.

 

Acknowledgment of Sources

It is essential to provide appropriate acknowledgment or recognition of the work of others. Authors must reference or cite significant publications that have played a significant role in shaping the concept of their reported study (manuscript). Any data that is obtained through private means, such as chats, letters, or talks with third parties, cannot be utilized or disclosed without receiving clear, written consent from the originator. It is imperative that data acquired during confidential tasks, such as reviewing manuscripts or grant proposals, should not be utilized without the explicit written authorization of the author who provided the material for said tasks.

 

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

In their manuscript, authors are required to disclose any financial or significant conflict of interest that could potentially impact the outcomes or interpretation. The disclosure of all funding sources related to the project is requisite. Instances of possible conflicts of interest that need to be revealed involve job affiliations, consulting arrangements, possession of stocks, compensation for talks, the professional opinion given for payment, applications or registrations for patents, and provision of financial support like grants. It is advisable to reveal any potential conflicting interests at the earliest opportunity. It is important to educate readers about the identity of research funders and their involvement in the research process.

 

Fundamental Errors in Published Works

If an author identifies a significant mistake or inaccuracy in their published work, they have a responsibility to immediately inform the journal editor or publisher and assist with correcting or retracting the article. If a third party alerts the editor or publisher to a significant error in a published work, the author is responsible for immediately retracting or rectifying the paper or providing evidence to demonstrate the accuracy of the original piece.

 

Hazards and Human/Animal Subjects

In the manuscript, it is essential for the author to explicitly indicate any chemicals, procedures, or equipment that possess an uncommon level of hazard. Research that involves either humans or animals must comply with applicable laws and the guidance provided by institutions. Authors must declare in the manuscript that they have adhered to the regulations and guidelines while conducting the procedures and have obtained official authorization.

 In order to present medical information or private details, authors must first secure written authorization from either the patient or appropriate authorities. Authors are required to provide Editors with all permissions upon request.